Radio Antennas in Sixth-Generation Mobile Wireless Systems Using Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

The development of sixth-generation (6G) networks operating in the terahertz (THz) and sub-THz frequency bands, where exceptionally large data rates, ultra-low latency, and dependable connectivity are necessary, is being propelled by the quick evolution of wireless communication systems. Conventional metallic antennas are severely limited at these frequencies because of significant surface losses, low radiation efficiency, and problematic shrinking. As a result, new materials are needed to overcome these constraints and enable high-performance antenna designs for next-generation wireless systems. This work introduces a carbon nanotube titanium (CNT-Ti) composite microstrip patch antenna as a potential contender for 6G applications. The suggested antenna provides reduced ohmic losses, improved impedance matching, and wideband performance by using carbon nanotubes' outstanding electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability, as well as titanium's structural strength. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations with CST Studio Suite show that the CNT-Ti patch antenna beats traditional copper and aluminum counterparts in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and signal transmission quality. The suggested CNT-Ti antenna has a minimum reflection coefficient of −30 dB, a VSWR of 1.03, and a radiation efficiency of around 94% at 180 GHz. These findings demonstrate that CNT-Ti composite antennas are an extremely appealing option for ultra-wideband, high-speed, and high-frequency 6G wireless communication systems.



Received: 10 October 2025 | Revised: 3 December 2025 | Accepted: 5 March 2026



Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.



Data Availability Statement

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.



Author Contribution Statement

Jafaar Fahad A. Rida: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Basim Abood: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.