Fake News Detection with Deep Learning: Insights from Multi-dimensional Model Analysis

Abstract

This study aims to systematically evaluate and compare various deep learning models in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability for fake news detection. Leveraging recent advancements in pretrained models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa) and lightweight frameworks (e.g., TextCNN), we implemented and optimized multiple detection models. Comparative analysis was conducted on a dataset containing approximately 40,000 news texts. Results revealed that BERT Large significantly outperformed other models, achieving an accuracy of 99.33%, attributed to its extensive semantic understanding capabilities. Conversely, TextCNN, despite its simpler architecture, achieved competitive accuracy (98.77%), demonstrating substantial practical value for resource-limited environments. Interpretability analysis via attention visualization highlighted distinct cognitive strategies of pretrained models when classifying real versus fake news. While the study addresses critical technical challenges in fake news detection, limitations related to potential dataset biases and domain specificity were acknowledged, suggesting opportunities for future research on multimodal and cross-domain adaptations. This research contributes substantially by providing practical benchmarks and interpretability insights, significantly enhancing real-world fake news detection systems, thus aiding platforms in combating misinformation effectively.

Received: 30 April 2025 | Revised: 11 June 2025 | Accepted: 7 July 2025

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data are available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement

QiuPing Li: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Fen Fu: Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Yinjuan Li: Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Bhunnisa Wisassinthu: Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Wirapong Chansanam: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Tossapon Boongoen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.