Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Intelligence Through Conversational Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing how people interact with digital systems and its integration into smart mobility systems. It creates new opportunities for smart transportation systems. The large language models (LLMs) in autonomous connected vehicles (ACVs) play an important role in automotive research. The LLMs and their natural language processing capabilities can improve the ability of vehicles to communicate and interact with other vehicles and transportation systems efficiently. Recently, the automotive industry has made huge investments in ACV research, recognizing AI as a key driver in advancing smart mobility systems. Even though LLMs cannot directly process real-time sensor data from ACV, they can still contribute to decision-making when integrated within a controlled ACV system. First of all, the sensors collect live data, and then it is processed by perception models and transforms raw inputs into structured semantic representations. These structured representations are then passed to the LLM, which performs reasoning based on contextual and symbolic information. In these proposed integrated systems, ChatGPT supports high-level reasoning, while deep reinforcement learning handles real-time control and decision-making tasks in ACVs. This research also explores the conversational AI opportunities and challenges in smart mobility. 

Received: 7 August 2025 | Revised: 13 May 2026 | Accepted: 29 June 2026

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement

Tanweer Alam: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.