Risk Appraisal and Protection Against the Adverse Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Living Tissues and Near-Tissues Health Devices

Abstract

This contribution aims to analyze the hostile side effects of electromagnetic fields on living tissues as well as smart health tools that work in proximity to living tissues. These include medical intervention tools, wearable devices, and imaging scanners. The evaluation, control, and protection against these adverse effects are also targeted. The implicated physics and their corresponding ruling mathematics are highlighted and discussed. Mathematical modeling using discretized local 3D numerical tools allowed the design, control, and validation of the durability of the devices. These different themes are supported by illustrated cases and an overview of bibliographic examples. The results of the investigation illustrate that the physical events involved in the origins of radiation and stray fields, as well as their adverse effects on exposed materials and their protection, allow a thorough understanding and control of their management. Moreover, the corresponding mathematical formulations dictating the behaviors of the involved fields allow their assessment according to Responsible Attitude and One Health approaches that enable ecological biodiversity and ecosystem.

Received: 3 April 2025 | Revised: 29 May 2025 | Accepted: 4 June 2025

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement

Adel Razek: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.