Wearable Technology in Healthcare: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Wearable technology is rapidly transforming health care by providing unprecedented opportunities for continuous, real-time health monitoring, proactive disease management, and early detection of health issues. This review delves into the diverse landscape of wearable devices, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, medical-grade biosensors, and intelligent textiles, with a particular focus on their role in managing chronic conditions, enhancing remote patient monitoring, and improving preventative care strategies. Unlike existing literature, this paper emphasizes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with wearable technologies, offering groundbreaking predictive capabilities for early diagnosis, personalized treatments, and dynamic health interventions. Additionally, the paper addresses critical challenges that hinder widespread adoption, such as data privacy concerns, sensor accuracy, and the integration of wearable data within established healthcare systems. By synthesizing the current state and future trends in the field, this review offers novel insights into the technological, regulatory, and ethical considerations that must be overcome for the successful incorporation of wearables into mainstream health care. The paper concludes by proposing future avenues for innovation, particularly in sensor advancement, energy efficiency, and system interoperability, which will not only improve healthcare delivery but also make it more accessible to underserved populations worldwide.

Received: 3 March 2025 | Revised: 14 May 2025 | Accepted: 15 May 2025

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement

Zulfkar Qadrie: Conceptualization, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. Humaira Ashraf: Software, Formal analysis, Resources, Visualization. Mudasir Maqbool: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Saeema Farooq: Validation, Data curation, Project administration.