Enhancing Smart Farming Through Federated Learning: A Secure, Scalable, and Efficient Approach for AI-Driven Agriculture

Abstract

The agricultural sector is undergoing a transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, particularly in data-driven decision-making. This work proposes a federated learning framework for smart farming, aiming to develop a scalable, efficient, and secure solution for crop disease detection tailored to the environmental and operational conditions of Minnesota farms. By maintaining sensitive farm data locally and enabling collaborative model updates, our proposed framework seeks to achieve high accuracy in crop disease classification without compromising data privacy. We outline a methodology involving data collection from Minnesota farms, application of local deep learning algorithms, transfer learning, and a central aggregation server for model refinement, aiming to achieve improved accuracy in disease detection, good generalization across agricultural scenarios, lower costs in communication and training time, and earlier identification and intervention against diseases in future implementations. We outline a methodology and anticipated outcomes, setting the stage for empirical validation in subsequent studies. This work comes in a context where more and more demand for data-driven interpretations in agriculture has to be weighed with concerns about privacy from farms that are hesitant to share their operational data. This will be important to provide a secure and efficient disease detection method that can finally revolutionize smart farming systems and solve local agricultural problems with data
confidentiality. In doing so, this paper bridges the gap between advanced machine learning techniques and the practical, privacy-sensitive needs of farmers in Minnesota and beyond, leveraging the benefits of federated learning.

Received: 25 December 2024 | Revised: 18 April 2025 | Accepted: 8 May 2025

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement

Ritesh Janga: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Project administration. Rushit Dave: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision.