Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Vegetable Oil Utilizing Eggshell Ash as an Innovative Heterogenous Catalyst

Authors

  • Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Nigeria
  • Charles Olumakinde Omiyale Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Lagos, Nigeria
  • Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria
  • Chinemerem Jerry Chukwu Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
  • Chidimma Maryjane Nwankwor Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Nigeria
  • Adebola Olatunde Onabanjo Department of Environmental Engineering, Tianjin University, China
  • Sarah Onyabakpa Adoga Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Nigeria
  • Johnson Obasi Chukwu Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
  • Kenechukwu Fortunate Chukwurah Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
  • Marcus Ebikemiyen Department OF Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, UK
  • Godstime Uduak Okon Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • Olaoluwa John Adeleke Department of Electrical Engineering, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Kazeem Arowosaye Tajudeen Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES32021761

Keywords:

biodiesel, heterogenous catalyst, transesterification, biomass, eggshell

Abstract

The objective of this research is to explore the production of biodiesel using Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) as the primary feedstock and calcined eggshell ash as an environmentally sustainable catalyst. The WVO, characterized by a Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content of 2.86%, serves as the primary feedstock for biodiesel production through transesterification. The eggshell ash undergoes a rigorous process, including washing with distilled water to remove impurities, drying at 100ºC for 24 hours, crushing into fine particles, and final calcination in a muffle furnace at 900ºC. Process optimization is achieved by varying key reaction parameters, including temperature, catalyst loading, and the methanol-oil molar ratio. The optimal conditions are identified at 65°C, utilizing a methanol-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and a 5wt% catalyst loading. Under these optimized reaction conditions, a substantial biodiesel yield of 91.3% is obtained. The produced biodiesel meets the stringent quality requirements specified by the American Standard (ASTM D 6751) and European Standard (EN 14214) for biodiesel fuel, ensuring its suitability for various applications. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing calcined eggshell ash as an eco-friendly catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production from WVO.

 

Received: 20 September 2023 | Revised: 1 November 2023 | Accepted: 13 November 2023

 

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

 

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

 

Author Contribution Statement

Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration; Charles Olumakinde Omiyale: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing; Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo: Formal analysis, Investigation; Chinemerem Jerry Chukwu: Methodology, Visualization; Chidimma Maryjane Nwankwor: Writing - original draft; Adebola Olatunde Onabanjo: Data curation; Sarah Onyabakpa Adoga: Project administration; Johnson Obasi Chukwu: Supervision; Kenechukwu Fortunate Chukwurah: Writing - review & editing, Project administration; Marcus Ebikemiyen: Investigation; Godstime Uduak Okon: Resources; Olaoluwa John Adeleke: Data curation; Kazeem Arowosaye Tajudeen: Validation.


Downloads

Published

2023-11-20

Issue

Online First

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Authors

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Ifeanyi-Nze, F. O., Omiyale, C. O., Okonkwo, I. U., Chukwu, C. J., Nwankwor, C. M., Onabanjo, A. O., Adoga, S. O., Chukwu, J. O., Chukwurah, K. F., Ebikemiyen, M., Okon, G. U., Adeleke, O. J., & Tajudeen, K. A. (2023). Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Vegetable Oil Utilizing Eggshell Ash as an Innovative Heterogenous Catalyst. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES32021761