Preparation of Manganese-Doped Bismuth Oxide for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Abstract

The current study describes a unique method for degrading methylene blue dye utilizing Mn-doped Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to UV light. Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Mn were produced using a hydrothermal process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and were use to characterize the prepared nanoparticles. It was discovered that the band gaps of Mn/ Bi₂O₃ NPs are 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively, and are 4.13 eV, 3.92 eV, and 3.77 eV. Functional group identification using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mn-doped Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles were captured in SEM pictures at various magnifications, and the photos clearly display the particles' dual morphologies, cubic and cylindrical. The Mn-doped Bi₂O₃ particles were found to be crystalline, with mean diameters of 20 nm, according to the XRD data. The photodegradation efficiency of Mn/Bi₂O₃ at experimental dye concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% was determined to be 90.29, 91.6, and 93.16 percent, respectively, over a 150 minute time interval. At the ideal catalyst dosage of 0.2 g and concentration of 40 ppm, a high percentage of dye degradation was observed. Numerous metals have been doped into zinc oxides, although no work has documented doping of Bi₂O₃ with Mn. Additionally, it was utilized for the first time to look at the deterioration of methylene blue dye.

Received: 11 May 2024 | Revised: 9 July 2024 | Accepted: 18 July 2024

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement

Mansoor Jamal: Conceptualization; Gul Asimullah Khan Nabi: Methodology; Hao Sun: Software; Khair Ullah: Validation; Osama Ali Khattak: Formal analysis; Muhammad Kashif: Investigation; Salman Khan: Resources; Mohsin Alam: Data curation; Shah Hussain: Writing - original draft; Mati Ullah: Writing - review & editing; Seeqal Aleena: Visualization; Hameedul Haq: Supervision; Saira Umar: Project administration; Muhammad Atif: Project administration; Ijaz Hussain: Project administration; Aalia Masood: Project administration.