Journal of Optics and Photonics Research

Modified Chalcogenide Glass Equations for the Activation Energy of Crystallization

2023-12-21T14:53:45+08:00

For over six decades, chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) have played a pivotal role in the optical community, fostering innovations and new applications in photonics, electronics, and electro-optics. In the last decade, the exploration of novel applications, such as Gradient Index (GRIN) ChGs, has underscored the need for a nuanced comprehension and precise control of nucleation and crystallization kinetics in emerging infrared glass compositions. This article explores the activation energy of crystallization in amorphous materials, particularly focusing on ChGs. It identifies long-standing challenges associated with existing models used for crystal growth in nucleated glasses. Employing carefully outlined mathematical logic, our study critiques conventional models and introduces innovative equations centering around the need for balanced units and proper physical trends. These new models overcome some shortcomings of the established framework and provide a more accurate depiction of crystallization kinetics. To validate the efficacy of our proposed models, we conducted a comparative analysis using differential scanning calorimetry data from a recently published Sb-Te-Se chalcogenide glass composition. The numerical and graphical results clearly illustrate the improvements inherent in our models and their practical utility. Beyond ChGs, our models and equations have broader applications. They may extend to oxide, halide, oxy-halide, and fluoride glass compositions, as well as polymers, contributing new tools to the understanding of crystallization kinetics across diverse materials.

Received: 29 November 2023 | Revised: 9 January 2024 | Accepted: 18 January 2024

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing not applicable – no new data generated. All data used in calculations was extracted from Elabbar et al. (2008).

Bright and Dark Soliton Pulse in Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

2023-11-03T06:42:59+08:00

The nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation was utilized to conduct an analytical study on the soliton control in homogeneous photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) within both the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. The split step Fourier method and MATLAB computation were used to generate the analytical soliton solutions for the NLS problem. The bright and dark soliton can be controlled by the group-velocity distribution (GVD). It is capable of demonstrating the fabrication of a fully coherent PCF. Moreover, dark soliton pulses have been seen in PCF in the typical dispersion domain. Here, we present the bound states of bright–dark soliton pairs that are mutually confined in a PCF. Solitons are produced when two modes with opposing dispersions are replanted. One laser operating in the anomalous dispersion domain produces the bright soliton, while the second laser running in the normal dispersion phase produces the dark soliton by normal dispersion cross-phase modulation with the light soliton. The results unequivocally point to a novel method of generating dark soliton pulses. Capturing both bright and dark solitons can produce light states that, interestingly, have a consistent power output and spectrally resemble a frequency comb. These results may have use in soliton states in atomic physics, ultrafast optics, frequency comb technologies, and telecommunications systems. A radically new approach to the stabilization of powerful wave packages in the negative and positive GVD regions of interacting waves is illustrated.

Received: 25 August 2023 | Revised: 26 October 2023 | Accepted: 10 November 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Role of Micro-Architectures on Insects' Elytra Affects the Nanomechanical and Optical Properties: Inspired for Designing the Lightweight Materials

2023-09-11T13:22:09+08:00

The structural coloration of insects has received significant attention in the field of nanophotonic, which has related properties with biophotonic crystals. The main focus in this study is on structural and mechanical features of wasp and beetle elytra such as Chrysidinae (the specimen of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasp), Rhomborhina gigantea (RG is the specimen of bettle in the family of Cetoniidae), and Chrysolina coerulans (CC is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae). The nanostructures present on the surface of elytra show the optical and deformable material properties. Surface morphology has been measured by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The depths of the hemispherical cavities present on the elytra have been analyzed using AFM. The optical and nanomechanical properties of the beetle elytra have also been studied. To measure the reflectivity in transverse electric and TM mode, UV-visible spectroscopy has been used. The value of the average index of refraction n_av is observed as 1.8 in all three species and the half-pitch of elytra's varies from 0.139-0.136 μm in CC, 0.123-0.114 μm in Chrysidinae, and 0.154-0.161 μm in RG. Nanoindentation was used to measure the modulus and hardness of the different beetle's elytra. Higher value of elastic modulus (1.72 GPa) and hardness (0.89 GPa) in RG of elytra plays a significant role in resisting force. The photonic structure exhibits optical intrinsic color mixing properties, which are used in the anticounterfeiting fields (currency and passport identification codes). The structural properties of beetle elytra would help to design the lightweight, high strength, anti-coating sensor, color-changing micro air vehicles, and novel optical materials.

Received: 25 August 2023 | Revised: 12 October 2023 | Accepted: 13 October 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Tailored Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects in Flint Glass Honeycomb PCF for Optical Communication

2023-11-03T06:41:25+08:00

This paper describes a highly nonlinear flint glass-based honeycomb photonic crystal fiber (FGH-PCF) with a wavelength of 1550 nm. The PCF’s distinctive honeycomb lattice structure, combined with the nonlinear capabilities of flint glass, enables a wide range of nonlinear optical applications. To adjust the PCF's dispersion and nonlinear effects, numerical simulations and optimization approaches were used. To achieve maximum performance, fabrication procedures were carefully regulated. Dispersion values of −436.6 ps/(nm.km) for x polarization and −448.1 ps/(nm.km) for y polarization were verified by experimental characterization. The PCF displayed low confinement losses of 2.289 dB/cm (x polarization) and 4.935 dB/cm (y polarization), as well as birefringence of 2.202×10^-3. The PCF measured 558.8 and 547.9 W^-1 km^-1for x and y polarization, respectively, indicating a high nonlinear coefficient. The highly nonlinear FGH-PCF shows promising potential for nonlinear optical applications such as four-wave mixing, supercontinuum generation, frequency conversion, and parametric amplification. This research paves the way for compact and efficient nonlinear devices in modern optical communication systems and other cutting-edge technologies.

Received: 19 September 2023 | Revised: 17 November 2023 | Accepted: 20 November 2023

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

2024-01-18T16:32:38+08:00

Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are efficient ways to achieve high-order core mode conversion and vortex mode conversion in few-mode fibers (FMFs), which have the benefits of flexible structure, high integration, low insertion loss, and strong wavelength selectivity. With the rapid development of mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communications, the FMF-LPFGs could have promising applications in the field of MDM optical communications and optical sensors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the principle of optical coupling, theoretical analysis, fabrication techniques, and applications of the FMF-LPFGs in optical communications and optical sensors. The CO2-laser writing technique and arc discharge technique are widely used for the fabrication of FMF-LPFGs and FMF helical long-period gratings (HLPGs). The hydrogen-oxygen flame technique has the advantage on the fabrication of FMF-HLPGs. The mechanical micro-bending and acoustic induction techniques are flexible and effective methods in fundamental researches. The femtosecond laser technique has the advantages for the fabrication of parallel FMF-LPFGs and micro-structure FMF-LPFGs. The mode converters based on the FMF-LPFGs have been demonstrated using different inscription techniques. The FMF-LPFG converters have the advantages such as temperature insensitivity and wavelength tunability. The broadband converters have been demonstrated based on the phase-shift FMF-LPFG, cascaded FMF-LPFGs, and FMF-LPFG operating at dispersion turning point. The FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs are an excellent option to generate all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in different specialty FMFs, especially the FMF-HLPGs can excite different-order OAM modes directly. As the novel fiber component, the sensing application of FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs is also briefly introduced.

Received: 2 January 2024 | Revised: 4 February 2024 | Accepted: 4 February 2024

Conflicts of Interest

Yunqi Liu is the editor-in-chief, and Siyu Chen is a peer review support specialist for Journal of Optics and Photonics Research and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

Data is available on request from the authors.

Inaugural Editorial

2024-02-18T09:39:39+08:00

It is a great pleasure for me to provide an editorial commentary for the first edition of the recently established Journal of Optics and Photonics Research (JOPR). Greetings and salutations to all of you on the inaugural issue of JOPR, a new and exciting portfolio journal from Bon View Publishing, which focuses on cutting-edge research trends in optics and photonics. The journal features international peer-reviewed multidisciplinary papers that provide new and original insights to the field, while maintaining accuracy in theory and technology. We are committed to ensuring that every accepted article meets these standards. Being the Editor-in-Chief of JOPR is an honor and a source of great gratitude for me.

The fields of optics and photonics are primarily concerned with the study of light, its creation, and manipulation, as well as its interactions with gases, plasmas, molecules, and solids, including micro- and nanostructures. The optical domain of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light is much surpassed by the electromagnetic spectrum covered by optics and photonics. Researchers from physics, chemical and biological engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, and other fields are involved in this highly multidisciplinary topic. JOPR draws on both theoretical and practical results in the field of optical science and engineering, without being limited to any one discipline. It is committed to a wide spectrum of fundamental and applied optical research and brings scientists from many domains together. We encourage authors to conduct interdisciplinary research through the application of reasonable modeling or computational methods and experimental analysis.

My goal for JOPR is to create a premier, open-access, highly peer-reviewed platform whose goal is to publish the most significant research in photonics and optics. I'm appreciative of the community's tremendous support in assisting us in achieving this objective.